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Nutrition Resources
Equine Supplement Categories:
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Click on the category name to view all products in that category.
Antioxidants:
While all horses can benefit from antioxidants, horses in competition, breeding,
and young growing horses benefit the most. This is due to the increased amount of
energy they expend. When energy is spent, cellular activity increases and free radicals
are released within the body. Free radicals attack healthy cells and cause damage
to the horse’s system. Antioxidants can neutralize or "scavenge" these
free radicals before they cause harm.
Calming Supplements:
Did you know that Vitamin B-1
(thiamine) deficiency is marked by nervousness, irritability, and excitability?
That is why B-1 is commonly used
as a calming supplement. Other active ingredients in calming products are
valerian, chamomile, and magnesium.
Some competitive riding associations prohibit specific ingredients such as valerian
and chamomile if you are showing - so choose your calming product with that in mind.
Daily Wormer:
Rotational paste worming does a good job of killing adult worms. But it doesn't
prevent re-infestation. Migrating larvae can cause significant damage. Worm problems
can lead to a dull coat, hoof problems, weight loss and colic. Studies show daily
worming with pyrantel tartrate may reduce colic risk. All our daily wormers contain
the same active ingredient, 2.1% pyrantel tartrate.
*Note: The above sample schedules should be customized to your region or conditions,
consult your veterinarian for a course of treatment. Wormers with different active
ingredients are effective against different types of worms.
Equine tapeworms have been found in all areas of the United
States (see map below):
We strongly recommend you talk to your vet about adding one of the new Ivermectin
and Praziquantel products, Equimax
or Zimectrin Gold, to your rotation
program. If you prefer to not rotate wormers, use a 1.87% Ivermectin Paste wormer
every other month when you worm, as ivermectin products have not been shown to have
any resistance problems.
If you feed a daily dewormer, such as
Strongid C2X, Continuex,
CW or
Nu-Image Guardian, the manufacturers recommend that you worm once in the
fall and once in the spring using a 1.87% Equine Ivermectin Paste wormer to control
bot infestations. Click here
to see our full paste wormer product line.
Digestion & Probiotics: Research indicates that
probiotics (beneficial bacteria), yeast culture and enzymes enhance digestive tract
and whole body health leading to better performance. Probiotics increase the utilization
of the base diet and assist your horse in receiving the full benefit of nutritional
supplements.
Electrolytes:
Feed daily electrolytes to maintain your horse's hydration and mineral balance.
Dr. J.G. Merriam, DVM, MS says, "Many vets see an increase in dehydration-related
colic through the winter months. Of course, unfrozen, fresh water needs to be readily
available, but feeding electrolytes year round can help keep horses drinking, even
when the temperature drops."
Energy Supplements:
Horses in intensive training and competition might need an energy supplement to
stave off muscle fatigue and to maintain a proper nutrient balance.
Fly Control:
There are two basic approaches to fly control suppplementation: make the horse distasteful
to insects with a garlic/yeast based product or render manure an inhospitable breeding
ground. Using garlic to repel insects is not a new idea, as early as 5000 BC the
Egyptian’s used garlic to repel flies, especially during the Nile Delta flood season
when winged pests were at their worst.
Hoof Supplements:
Your horse may need a hoof supplement if he has dry, brittle, cracked hooves that
hold shoes poorly or chronic foot soreness. The most common active ingredients are
Biotin, which is important to all connective tissue, and Methionine, an amino acid
essential for strong hooves.
Joint Supplements:
Your horse may need a joint supplement if he is stiff, sore, recovering from an
injury, or in intensive training or showing. Some riders and trainers feel joint
supplements may extend their horse's competitive career. The most common active
ingredients are Glucosamine and Chondroitin
Sulfate. Want to compare ingredients on all of our joint products? Check
out our Joint Product Comparison Page.
Muscle Supplements:
If your horse is in intensive training or experiencing muscle related difficulties
(stiffness, soreness, inflamed muscles, etc.), you may want to try a muscle supplement.
Proper muscle function is key in all performance horses.
Vitamin E and Selenium are especially critical to proper muscle function.
Respiratory Supplements:
Horses that frequently attend shows or that live in large boarding facilities are
particularly susceptible to respiratory infections. Other indications for respiratory
supplementation include cough, heaves, allergies and congestion. The most common
ingredients are antioxidants and anti-inflammatories. Garlic has also been shown
to be effective in combating respiratory difficulties.
Sand Colic Supplements:
Preventative treatments for sand colic rely on moving bulky gels through the digestive
tract to pick up and remove sand. You can feed a smaller daily amount or a larger
purge amount. The purge dosage is fed one week out of every four for seven consecutive
days. Because of the volume of the purge dosage it comes in a separate set of seven
SmartPaks.
Skin & Coat Supplements:
You might want to feed a skin and coat supplement if your horse has a dull, dry
coat or if you're showing and want that winning shine.
Ulcer Supplements:
Ulcers occur when too much acid is produced in the stomach. Race horses and horses
in intensive training are especially likely to develop ulcers since exercise increases
acid production. Other things that can lead to ulcers are little or no access to
grazing and transporting, especially for long periods of time. Symptoms of ulcers
can include poor appetite, poor attitude, dull coat, and low-grade colic. If you're
looking for a prescription strength ulcer medication, check out
GastroGard. Click here to read information
on ulcers and GastroGard.
Vitamins:
Vitamin and mineral supplements can make up for daily variations in the quality
of hay or grain and meet specific deficiency needs. Vitamins and minerals work together
to promote growth, vitality and a general well being. Vitamins have many key roles
in nutrition, they extend the life of red blood cells and maximize cellular protection,
develop new muscle, aid in digestion, combat stress, and speed recovery from illness,
to name a few. Minerals assist in the formation of bones, teeth, soft tissue, muscles,
and nerve cells. A good multi-vitamin is especially important for easy keepers on
little or no grain.
Weight Supplements:
If your horse is a hard keeper (has difficulty gaining weight and/or keeping it
on) you might want to try a weight gain supplement. Arabians, Thoroughbreds and
timid horses in herd situations are notoriously hard keepers. Common ingredients
are fat, yeast, probiotics and vitamins.
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Special Equine Health Care Needs:
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Recovering from an Injury:
If your horse is recovering from a joint, ligament or tendon injury you might want
to consider one of the following:
Joint Supplement
Anti-Inflammatory such as
MSM
Aspirin
Bute
Senior Horse Care:
Probiotics: The digestive process in
older horses is much less efficient which makes it even more difficult to get them
the nutrients that they need. Feeding a probiotic
will help your horse to make the best use of the vitamins and minerals he ingests.
Vitamin C: Vitamin C is typically
deficient in older horses and is a powerful antioxidant in addition to being essential
for the production and healing of connective tissues.
Multi-Vitamins: Look for a product like
Accel Lifetime that meets the
following requirements: contains phosphorus (older horses have an increased need
for it) and chelated minerals rather than inorganic minerals (such as sulfates and
oxides) because they are more easily absorbed.
Immune Boosting Supplements: May help
protect your horse from infection and to combat damaging free-radicals.
Joint Supplements/Anti-Inflammatories:
Older horses frequently have problems with arthritis or joint pain and stiffness.
Feeding a joint supplement or an
anti-inflammatory may help your horse remain limber and agile.
Daily Wormers: Keeping up a strict worming
schedule is also important to insure that parasites aren't counteracting all of
your efforts.
Performance Horses:
Antioxidants: Oxidation rates raise dramatically
during exercise making it difficult for the horse's body to produce enough antioxidants
to combat the free-radical damage.
Multi-Vitamins: Extend the life of red
blood cells and maximize cellular protection, develop new muscle, aid in digestion,
combat stress, and speed recovery from illness.
Joint: Many riders and trainers feed joint
supplements to extend their horse's competitive careers.
Electrolytes: As the amount of exercise
increases, so does the need for supplementing with an electrolyte. It is extremely
important to ensure that your horse is properly hydrated and maintains a proper
mineral balance.
Energy Supplements: Horses in intensive
training and competition might need an energy supplement to stave off muscle fatigue
and to maintain a proper nutrient balance.
Tying-up:
Tying-up is a condition marked by pain and severe muscle spasm and is brought on
by exercise. If your horse suffers from tying up you may want to try:
MTM - Muscle Tie Management is
specially designed to aid in the relief of both spastic, and often painful, muscle
contractions associated with horses tying up.
Electrolytes keep the muscle tissue
properly hydrated and prevent metabolic imbalances that can lead to muscle dysfunction.
Vitamin E & Selenium work together
to provide antioxidant support and to promote proper muscle function.
Vitamin B1 and
Magnesium both help to reduce muscle tension and stress.
Vitamin C improves circulation
and increases the body's ability to use Vitamin E
DMG - One of the causes of tying-up
is lactic acid build-up. DMG has been shown to slow the production of lactic acid.
Pregnant & Lactating Mares:
Pregnant and Lactating mares have special nutritional needs. It is important that
they receive enough protein and lysine, calcium and phosphorus (in the proper ratios),
and all trace minerals. Two products that have been formulated specifically for
mares are:
Mare & Foal
Mare Plus
Restricted Ingredients for Competitors
Some ingredients are restricted by the different assocations if you're competing.
The USEF is a great source for finding out about restricted ingredients.
Click here to view thier article, "Practical Advice Regarding the Equine
Drugs and Medications Rule". Please note that while most associations will likely
have similar rules you should contact your association directly to find out which
ingredients are restricted.
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Glossary of Active Ingredients: |
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Bentonite: Sodium Bentonite (a form of Bentonite)
is a binding agent that is used in small amounts in many horse feeds and also sometimes
in supplements, especially those that are pelleted. According to Pfizer (the manufacturer
of the popular Strongid daily wormer) the warnings against feeding a daily wormer
in conjunction with a product containing Bentonite, stem not from any contraindications
or toxicities, but from the fact that Bentonite can skew the ability to analyze
Pyrantel Tartrate levels (the active ingredient in daily wormers) in the feed. Manufacturers
and veterinarians often perform tests on their products to find out what levels
of Pyrantel Tartrate are left remaining in a feed after it has been digested. Using
a product with Bentonite often alters those results. To avoid this problem, manufacturers
sometimes suggest feeding the two products at different times of the day.
Biotin (Vitamin B7 or Vitamin H): Has been shown to
increase the rate at which keratin forms in the hoof wall tissues. It does this
by breaking down amino acids (protein) so that they can help to build strong hooves.
It is a B vitamin and can't be stored in the body fat because, like all B vitamins
it is water soluble. As a result, Biotin (and all B vitamins) need to be present
in your horse's daily diet. The effects of Biotin supplementation will be apparent
in new hoof growth so you may have to wait several months to see results.
Black Cohosh: Contains phytoestrogens and is often found
in supplements for menopausal mares and mares with PMS. Black cohosh is an anti-inflammatory
and nerve and muscle relaxant that can reduce hypertension. Consult your veterinarian
before using on pregnant mares.
Bromelain: Bromelain is a protein digesting enzyme
found in the stem of pineapple plants. Bromelain has been shown to help reduce inflammation
and swelling by breaking down the proteins that cause it.
Calcium: Calcium is necessary for proper bone growth
and muscle function. Supplementation is indicated for pregnant and lactating mares,
growing horses, horses that are heavily exercised and horses on certain kinds of
grass hay (some grass hays are very low in calcium). Too much phosphorous will prevent
calcium from being absorbed so the calcium to phosphorus ratio should be at least
1:1 but the recommended ratio is usually around 1.5:1 (calcium to phosphorus).
Chamomile: Frequently found in herbal calming supplements.
Chamomile is most commonly used (as in humans) to reduce stress and nervousness.
It also has indications for skin problems, as an anti-inflammatory, and as a digestive
aid. If you compete, you should check the rules of your association before giving
your horse any calming supplements since their use is sometimes prohibited.
Choline: An essential nutrient that is a precursor
of acetylcholine (a neurotransmitter). Has indications for concentration, memory
and muscle performance and prevents fat build-up in the liver.
Chondroitin Sulfate: Chondroitin is the primary
glycosaminoglycan (natural body lubricant) found in joint cartilage and connective
tissue. It may play a part in the production of
hyaluronic acid. Chondroitin Sulfate also helps to fight off destructive
enzymes that degrade the joints and is commonly found in joint supplements. Our
most popular products that contain Chondroitin Sulfate are
Cosequin, Matrix 4 and
Tri-Flex.
Cobalt: Trace mineral that is used by the intestinal
tract to manufacture Vitamin B12 which is critical to normal cell function, works
with folic acid in creating red blood cells and plays a roll in creating the protective
covering around all nerves.
Copper: Trace mineral that is critical to joint and
bone formation, skin pigmentation and blood production and helps the horse's body
to absorb iron. It has been suggested that growing foals that are copper deficient
have an increased likelihood of developing OCD (osteochondrosis) a debilitating
joint disease marked by abnormal cartilage development.
Devil's Claw: Used as an anti-inflammatory and pain
reliever, Devil's Claw is said to be comparable to phenylbutazone (commonly known
as Bute) but without the side effects like gastric ulcers. Consult your veterinarian
before giving to pregnant mares or horses with gastric ulcers.
Diatomaceous Earth: Diatomaceous Earth is made
up of the crushed fossils of microscopic marine life. The crushed fossils are comprised
mainly of silicon particles which are very hard and sharp. These sharp edges, while
being completely safe for animals, pierce the protective shells of insects and parasites,
causing them to dehydrate and die. Diatomaceous Earth also helps to control the
fly population at your barn by destroying the fly larvae in the manure.
Garlic: Garlic is the most widely fed herb for horses
because of its low cost and wide range of uses. Garlic is most commonly used for
fly control, as an immune system boosting, anti-oxidant, for improving circulation,
as a natural antibiotic, a digestive aid, an expectorant and to ease respiratory
irritation. Garlic contains many vitamins and minerals such as sulfur
(which is what keeps the flies and mosquitoes away), copper,
chromium, iron, selenium, and
zinc. Garlic's antibiotic properties are special because they only kill
the harmful bacteria and leave the good bacteria that live in the gut and aid digestion.
Garlic also has anti-fungal properties and aids circulation.
Glucosamine: Glucosamine is a main component of
glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) which are the building blocks of cartilage and connective
tissues. Glucosamine helps the joints to create chondroitin sulfate
and hyaluronic acid. Without enough Glucosamine, the body
cannot form and heal the cartilage and connective tissue damaged by the wear and
tear of competition and aging. Some of our most popular products that contain Glucosamine
are Absorbine Flex+,
Glanzen GL Concentrate, and Power
Flex Pellets.
Glycine: A protein-forming amino acid that has been
shown to increase electrolyte mineral absorption.
Grapeseed
Extract: Super-powerful antioxidant that is 50 times more potent than
Vitamin E and 20 times more potent than Vitamin C in its antioxidant benefits. Frequently
used to boost the immune system. Grapeseed
Extract also aids in the absorption of Vitamin C, helps to prevent capillary
damage (including lung bleeding) and eases respiratory problems especially those
brought on by allergies.
Hyaluronic
Acid: Your horse's joints act as a cushion between the bones. The joints
are comprised of cartilage and a membrane called the synovium that is lubricated
with synovial fluid. Hyaluronic Acid
is a main component of synovial fluid and cartilage and acts as a lubricant and
as a barrier against destructive enzymes. When the joint is damaged it becomes inflamed
and enzymes are released that break down the
Hyaluronic acid thereby breaking down the cushioning between the bones.
Studies have shown that Hyaluronic Acid,
helps to decrease inflammation and restore the integrity of the joint.
Click here for in-depth information on Hyaluronic Acid.
Iodine: Necessary for proper thyroid function (regulating
basal metabolism). Deficiencies and excesses in Iodine can result in an inflamed
thyroid or "goiter". You should exercise caution when supplementing with Iodine
as it can be toxic at fairly low levels - 5 ppm or 40 mg per day. Marine based supplements
are typically high in Iodine so consult your veterinarian before feeding more than
one seaweed or kelp based supplement.
Iron: Necessary for the production of red blood cells
that help to carry oxygen throughout the body. Iron deficiencies are extremely rare
and occur only in cases of severe blood loss. While Iron has a reputation for being
a performance enhancer it is unnecessary to supplement with Iron unless your horse
has specifically been diagnosed, through a blood test, with anemia. While Iron is
necessary for the production of red blood cells, more Iron will not stimulate this
production. Too much iron interferes with mineral absorption and decreases immune
function which will make your horse more vulnerable to infection and it can be toxic
at high levels. Vitamin B12 has been shown to aid in the production of red blood
cells.
Lysine: An essential amino acid (must be present in
the diet since the body cannot create it on its own) that is most commonly found
to be missing in the horse's diet. Lysine is necessary for the proper use of all
of the amino acids. Deficiencies in any of the essential amino acids can lead to
decreased growth and development as well as a low tolerance for stress.
Manganese: Trace mineral necessary for the formation
of cartilage and in metabolizing lipids and carbohydrates. Manganese is frequently
deficient in many horse's diets and supplementation is usually recommended for performance
horses, pregnant mares, growing horses or horses with arthritis.
Magnesium: Magnesium is critical to normal muscle
function and normal functioning of the nervous system. Magnesium supplementation
is indicated for horses that sweat heavily and for horses that have a lot of calcium
in their diets (Calcium interferes with the absorption of Magnesium). Magnesium
is frequently found in calming supplements.
Methionine: Methionine is an amino acid that is
essential in producing cystine. Cystine is one of the amino acids that is present
in keratin, the protein that the hoof wall is primarily made of. Methionine is also
indicated for maintaining normal skin, tendons, cartilage and ligaments.
MSM:
One of the most commonly fed supplements,
MSM is a major source of sulfur, which is required for healthy formation
of hair and connective tissue such as collagen and it is known for its natural anti-inflammatory
properties and assistance with itchy skin, manes and tails.
MSM has also been used to boost immune system and respiratory function.
The benefits of MSM have been
demonstrated in numerous field tests and studies.
Phosphorus: Phosphorus is necessary for normal bone
formation and for energy metabolism. Pregnant and lactating mares as well as growing
horses have special phosphorus needs. Too much phosphorous will prevent calcium
from being absorbed so the calcium to phosphorus ratio should be at least 1:1 but
the recommended ratio is usually around 1.5:1 (calcium to phosphorus).
Potassium: A mineral electrolyte that helps to regulate
fluid content in the cells and is important in the transmission of nerve impulses.
Potassium supplementation is recommended for endurance horses or horses that are
heavily exercised especially in hot and humid conditions. Consult your veterinarian
before feeding potassium to horses suffering from HYPP.
Psyllium:
Commonly used in the prevention and treatment of sand colic,
psyllium is a highly soluble plant fiber that turns into a gelatinous substance
in the horse's gut and absorbs sand and harmful residues and passes them safely
through the digestive tract. A must if you live in a sandy area and feed your horse
on the ground.
Pyrantel Tartrate:
The active ingredient in daily wormers,
pyrantel tartrate paralyzes parasites and moves them through the horse's system
so they are unable to encyst themselves into the intestinal wall. 2.11% Pyrantel
Tartrate is the common percentage found in daily wormers.
Daily wormers prevent infestation, stopping larvae and adult worms before
they have a chance to migrate out of the intestinal tract and do permanent damage.
With daily de-wormer the manufacturers
also recommend ivermectin twice a year, usually in the Spring after the thaw and
again in the Fall. (Ivermectin should
also be used when first starting a horse on daily
de-wormer.)
Selenium:
Selenium is an antioxidant that works with
Vitamin E to help prevent muscle degeneration that occurs during oxidation.
Selenium deficiencies vary greatly
depending on the type of grain or hay you feed and the Selenium content in the soils
in which your the hay is grown. Horses with muscle problems related to exercise
(such as "tying up") are especially indicated for
Selenium supplementation. Selenium can be toxic in high doses (3.3 mg/kg
of diet) so consult your veterinarian when supplementing with
Selenium. Selenium is typically deficient in New England, the Great Lakes
Region, Florida and along the coast in the Carolinas.
Selenium is usually high in Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, North & South Dakota,
Kansas, New Mexico, Nebraska and Eastern Utah - See map below.
Source: United States Geological Survey http://tin.er.usgs.gov/geochem/doc/averages/se/usa.html
- (National Geochemical Survey)
Sodium Chloride
(NaCl): Commonly known as salt,
Sodium Chloride is a critical part of the horse's diet. It's necessary
for regulating hydration in the body and for muscle and nerve impulse generation.
Dehydration is a direct result of Sodium
Chloride deficiency. All horses should have access to salt and fresh water.
Lactating mares and horses on a heavy exercise regimen are especially indicated
for increased levels of salt in
their diet.
Sulfur: One of the basic elements, Sulfur is present
in Biotin, Thiamine, Methionine,
Cystine, and Chondroitin Sulfate. Sulfur is needed for
the formation and maintenance of connective tissues.
MSM is a major source of Sulfur.
Valerian: Commonly found in calming supplements, Valerian
is a natural tranquilizer used to calm nervous, irritable horses without hindering
performance. If you compete, you should check the rules of your association before
giving your horse any calming supplements since their use is sometimes prohibited.
You should consult your veterinarian before feeding valerian to pregnant or lactating
mares.
Vervain: A calming supplement and anti-spasmodic that
is legal to use under AHSA guidelines. Vervain is commonly used to calm horses following
illness or heavy exercise or before traveling. If you compete, you should check
the rules of your association before giving your horse any calming supplements since
their use is sometimes prohibited.
Vitamin A (Retinol): Vitamin A is particularly important
for horses that have little or no access to fresh grass, horses that are breeding,
and horses that are prone to skin problems. Vitamin A is essential for eye health,
bone growth, sperm and egg production, and growth of the cells that line the respiratory
and digestive tracts, as well was the reproductive organs.
Vitamin B
(B1-Thiamine, B2-Riboflavin, B3-Niacin, B4-Choline Chloride, B5-Pantothenic Acid,
B6-Pyridoxine, B7-Biotin, B8-Inositol, B9-Folic Acid, B10-Para-amino-benzoic acid
(PABA), B12-Cobalamin, B13-Orotic Acid, B14-Betaine, B15-Dimethylglycine (DMG)):
B Vitamins are especially important for horses that aren't eating normally or that
are under stress brought on by age, heavy exercise, illness, injury, transport,
surgery or infection. Thiamine is sometimes used to help to prevent tying up. Vitamin
B12 has been shown to aid in the production of red blood cells.
Vitamin B deficiency is marked by nervousness and irritability.
Vitamin C
(Ascorbic Acid, Ester C): Vitamin
C is essential to the production of connective tissues (ligaments, tendons,
cartilage). Vitamin C is also
a powerful antioxidant that boosts immune system health and helps to keep the lungs
infection and irritant free. Older horses in particular will benefit from increased
intake of Vitamin C.
Vitamin D (Calciferol): Vitamin D is created when
a compound in the skin is exposed to the sun's ultraviolet rays. Horses that are
not exposed to outdoor light for long periods (longer than one month) may need to
be supplemented with Vitamin D. Vitamin D is critical to normal bone growth and
development. Too much Vitamin D results in Calcium deposits in the blood vessels
and excessive doses can be toxic. Consult your veterinarian before supplementing
with Vitamin D in amounts greater than 11,000 IU/day for an 1100 lb horse.
Vitamin E
(Tocopherol): Vitamin E is an antioxidant that is essential to normal muscle
function and is particularly helpful in horses that are exercised frequently. Damaging
free radicals are generated during exercise and supplementing with
Vitamin E can help to protect the muscle cells.
Vitamin K (Menadione): Necessary for proper liver
function and blood clotting. Moldy sweet clover and some anticoagulants can interfere
with the production of Vitamin K.
Yeast: Research indicates that probiotics (beneficial
bacteria), yeast culture and enzymes enhance digestive tract and whole body health
leading to better performance. Probiotics increase the utilization of the base diet
and assist your horse in receiving the full benefit of nutritional supplements.
Yucca: Yucca is a natural anti-inflamatory and is believed
to have pain killing properties. Yucca is also used to control ammonia and to aid
in digestion.
Zinc: Zinc aids in protein synthesis which is needed for
proper hoof growth. In order to best absorb zinc and copper, it is recommended to
feed them at a ratio from 3:1 to 5:1 (zinc to copper)
Disclaimer: The content of this web site is provided for information purposes
only. No claim is made as to the accuracy or authenticity of the content of the
web site. SmartPak Equine does not accept any liability to any person for the information
or advice (or the use of such information or advice) that is provided on this web
site or incorporated into it by reference. The information on the SmartPak Equine
web site is provided on the basis that all persons accessing this site undertake
responsibility for assessing the relevance and accuracy of its content.
References:
Kellon, E. (1998). Equine Supplements
& Nutraceuticals. Breakthrough Publications, NY.
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